Sustainable
Steps

ISO 14001 and TNS

Codes of Environmental Mangement Practice

Code of Practices: Characteristics, Positives and Negatives From Nash and Erhenfeld, MIT 1977

Code of Practice	Attributes	Motivators	Benefits w.r.t. sustainability	Limitations w.r.t. sustainability
Regulation	Designed to achieve problems of the 70’2 polluted rivers, smog-filled skies, illegal and hazardous waste sites	Strong enforcement via fines or jail to owners	Quickly responded to major pollution problems	Has failed in preventing acid train, toxic contamination, stratospheric ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity and global warming Static, public and industry negotiation and difficult to chance once established Lacks innovation and incentives for going better than minimum. First response is legal challenge focus attention on resisting change Costs is 150 billion $ 2% of GNP
Responsible Care	Nepal disaster instrumental in acceptance Uses verification of management system with four volunteers 2 from industry, 1 from local, 1 from environmental group	Required for membership into trade association	Gives clout to managers who are environmentally minded Increases attention to environmental maters Creates positive interaction with community Created change with suppliers, distributors	Only Chemical companies Not been that effective at community involvement with diverse interest points has not lead to strong changes in product design or training Asks for changes in action but does not change values
ICC’s business Charter for Sustainable Development	Premised on strong economic growth is the way to make changes in practice started in 1991 Established GEMI to present a forum for pool knowledge and environmental strategies Developed a self audit to help firms understand where they are	Endorsed by more firms other any other code	Identifies important aspects of sustainable business behavior	Members are not required to adapt policies Does not require reporting Not possible to measure changes as mechanisms to measure and report on improvement are not part of code
CERES Principles	Formed by social responsible investors, environmental advocate, union, religions groups Ask for firms to disclose information about companies impacts Uses the Valdez Principles (based from the Sullivan principles used in South Africa)	Securities law allows for owners of 1000 shares or more to make this a referendum therefore offers referendum by stakeholders to "endorse" these principle developed protocol to drop companies who have not publish report or pay dues	42 large companies had this referendum raised attains ‘pubic accountability with it s report Board of directors work with CERES to develop environmental consciousness at high levels. Each applicant is reviews by board concerning policies, energy use, health and safety, environmental accounting Emphasis stakeholder interaction	Few companies signed on (less than 20) Process of endorsing principles takes years of negotiations Has not seen serious changes in the operation of a business
ISO 14001	Purpose was to harmonize the independent development of EMS standard in Britain, Eco labeling standards of Japan and Canada, and avoid trade barriers to countries claiming only "BS7750 need apply" Developed with a broad sector of interest, including industry, governments, citizens and (in Europe) environmental advocacy groups (US position was to weaken that, making it more procedural. flexible and therefor maintain management prerogatives and secrecy.) Built to make a level playing field Based on the success of ISO 9000	Compliance is done through third party certification (consciousness)	Intended to be proactive, insure continuous improvement of environment Requires a commitment to prevention of pollution (however water down by the inclusion of end of pipe)	Does not seriously sequester the opinions of interested parties, thus does not get the entire picture US firms not motivated to join, despite success of ISO 9000 does not go far enough to change consciousness of people in the firm
EMAS	Basic EMS plus requires non regulated improvements in raw material usage, and performance of suppliers Define performance levels for BATNEEC. Requires firms to publish annual environmental effects register	3rd party verifier (consciousness)	Has tools built in to motivate firm to go over and beyond compliance with regulation	Not a market factor in the USA
The Natural Step	Dissemination of easily understood, scientifically based principles that lead a company toward sustainable society	Easily understood Requires top down approach Concisely articulate what a firm must do to reorient their activities	Business practice have changed as a result of this process companies have endorsed system principles encompass much of what environmentalist are concerned with	Lack of requiring, consistency. Difficulty in maintaining direction

ISO 14001 and where The Natural Step principles can be applied

4.1 General requirements

EMS consists of the following elements:

4.2 Environmental policy

Gaining the commitment and backing of senior managers throughout the business
Drawing up a policy that states your commitment to compliance with legal and regulatory demands, continual improvement, the prevention of pollution and other requirements which the organization subscribes to.
Establish a framework to set and review objectives and targets
Making the policy available to the public

TNS:

Establish a Commitment to sustainability
Establish TNS as the framework to set and review objectives and targets

4.3 Planning

4.3.1 Identifying the elements of your business that impact on the environment

4.3.2 Establishing access to relevant environmental legislation and regulations and other requirements4.3.3 Producing objectives and targets for environmental improvement

4.3.4 Establishing management program(s) to achieve them (including opportunities for new products or services

TNS:

4.3.1 Use TNS to help determine the significance of impacts to the environment4.3.2 Identify TNS as other requirements to which the organization subscribes4.3.3 Use TNS in establishing environmental objectives

4.4.4 Use TNS is used in development of new products or services

4.4 Implementation and Operation

4.4.1 Providing resources for personnel

Defining who does what

Reporting on the syste

4.4.2 Identifying training needs and raising awareness of environmental issues

Ensuring competence of staff

4.4.3 Communicating effectively internally and externally including the importance of conformance and potential consequences 4.4.4 Establish an EMS documentation system4.4.5 Controlling your management system 4.4.6 Controlling operations that may have an environmental impact

4.4.7 Planning for accidents and emergencies with an environmental impact

TNS

4.4.1 Use TNS indicators in the reporting
4.4.2 Raising awareness with TNS principles4.4.3 TNS helps to identify importance of conformance and potential consequences

4.4.7 TNS helps emergency planning be aware of consequences

4.5 Checking and corrective action

4.5.1 Measuring accurately Continually ensuring that progress against targets is on track

Continually ensuring legislative compliance

4.5.2 Taking action to correct areas that don’t comply 4.5.3 Recording information on the operation of the environmental management system

4.5.4 Conducting audits

TNS

4.5.1 TNS can be used to establish performance indicators to measure4.5.2 TNS training helps to take corrective and preventative actions seriously4.5.3 Record TNS training shows objective evidence

4.5.4 Audit also for TNS training and use in impact and aspects, new product development, etc.

4.6 Management review

Senior managers checking that the system is adequate, appropriate and effective, and making any necessary changes

TNS

Comparison of Environmental Performance with TNS principles will identify potential needs to change and ensure that the system is suitable, adequate and effective.